现象：一台机子，在 fdisk 里查看，没有分区。尝试使用 testdisk，盲猜是 gpt 分区类型，自动分析出有三个分区。写入、保存磁盘分区信息后，机子无法自动引导到操作系统，提示 1234F: 。
尝试：估计磁盘的原有分区是 mbr ，并不是 gpt ，因为里边没有 EFI 分区，且原系统中，没有 efi 相关的文件。然后再次运行 testdisk ，将分区信息保存为 mbr 。再次重启机子，依然是 1234F: ，无法引导系统。最后，在急救系统里，grub-install 到磁盘，重新安装 grub 。之后，就可以看到 grub 的引导信息，顺利进入到 debian 系统了。
参考：
原因：看到 iRedMail 群里有人说在 FreeBSD 13.2 里安装出错，提示如：
lsof-4.99.3_1,8 requires kernel sources.
error code 1
stop.
make stopped in /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof
error code 1
stop
make stooped to /usr/ports/devel/py-Jinjia2
error failed to downloading package, please fix it manually and then relaunch iRedMail installer.我在一台国外的机子，配置是 Atom C2750, 8GB 内存里测试 iRedMail 的安装。遇到同样的报错信息。虽然可以手工下载 ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/13.2-RELEASE/src.txz 后继续安装，但通过 ports 编译软件，所需的时间太长了。过了约24小时，还没完成，当前界面信息停留在:
l' -Cprefer-dynamic -Z binary-dep-depinfo -L native=/usr/ports/lang/rust/work/_build/x86_64-unknown-freebsd/stage0-rustc/x86_64-unknown-freebsd/release/build/psm-d1aad399e5dbb6f5/out -L native=/usr/ports/lang/rust/work/_build/x86_64-unknown-freebsd/stage0-rustc/x86_64-unknown-freebsd/release/build/rustc_llvm-938455d976a8c95f/out -L native=/usr/ports/lang/rust/work/_build/x86_64-unknown-freebsd/llvm/build/lib`
Building [=======================> ] 316/323: rustc_driver_impl但我不想等待结果，放弃了。
-- Build files have been written to: /usr/ports/lang/rust/work/_build/x86_64-unknown-freebsd/lld/build
running: cd "/usr/ports/lang/rust/work/_build/x86_64-unknown-freebsd/lld/build" && DESTDIR="" "cmake" "--build" "." "--target" "install" "--config" "Release" "--" "-j" "1"
[ 1% 3/127] Building CXX object Common/CMakeFiles/lldCommon.dir/CommonLinkerContext.cpp.o^C
ninja: build stopped: interrupted by user.
Build completed unsuccessfully in 14:46:49
*** Error code 1
*** Signal 2参考：
需求：硬盘原先已经有Windows，debian 12 系统了，现在想在一个分区里再安装个 FreeBSD 13.2。
步骤：
安装过程中，勾选 sshd ，且在 /etc/rc.conf 里添加静态IP的配置内容，如：
ifconfig_igb0="inet 144.172.126.97 netmask 255.255.255.0"
ifconfig_igb1="inet 144.172.126.97 netmask 255.255.255.0"
defaultrouter="144.172.126.1"FreeBSD安装结束后，将机子从 Debian 12 系统启动，手工修改 /boot/grub/grub.cfg 启动菜单内容，添加如：
menuentry "FreeBSD 13.2" {
insmod ufs2
set root=(hd0,4)
kfreebsd /boot/loader
}gpart show 的输出信息：
root@dr3:~ # gpart show
=> 63 3907029105 ada0 MBR (1.8T)
63 1985 - free - (993K)
2048 419430400 1 ntfs (200G)
419432448 3221225472 2 linux-data (1.5T)
3640657920 104857600 3 ntfs (50G)
3745515520 161480704 4 freebsd [active] (77G)
3906996224 32944 - free - (16M)
=> 0 161480704 ada0s4 BSD (77G)
0 153092096 1 freebsd-ufs (73G)
153092096 8073216 2 freebsd-swap (3.8G)
161165312 315392 - free - (154M)参考：
假设：RT5的访问网址是 https://rt.demo.anqun.org ，“售后”队列的收件箱是 support@rt.demo.anqun.org ，搭配 apache 与 mariadb 数据库。
步骤：
/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/rt.conf # RT的站点设置内容，如下：
<VirtualHost *:443>
### Optional apache logs for RT
# Ensure that your log rotation scripts know about these files
# ErrorLog /opt/rt5/var/log/apache2.error
# TransferLog /opt/rt5/var/log/apache2.access
# LogLevel debug
ServerName rt.demo.anqun.org
SSLEngine on
SSLCertificateFile /root/.acme.sh/rt.demo.anqun.org_ecc/rt.demo.anqun.org.cer
SSLCertificateKeyFile /root/.acme.sh/rt.demo.anqun.org_ecc/rt.demo.anqun.org.key
SSLCertificateChainFile /root/.acme.sh/rt.demo.anqun.org_ecc/ca.cer
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
FcgidInitialEnv RT_SITE_CONFIG /etc/request-tracker5/RT_SiteConfig.pm
# The defaults are unlikely to be big enough for an RT site handling
# attachments
FcgidMaxRequestLen 1073741824
# ScriptAlias / /opt/rt5/sbin/rt-server.fcgi/
# Use the handler
# Note: If you switch the configuration to be served up from / use a
# trailing / - ie:
# ScriptAlias / /usr/share/request-tracker5/libexec/rt-server.fcgi/
ScriptAlias / /usr/share/request-tracker5/libexec/rt-server.fcgi/
DocumentRoot "/usr/share/request-tracker5/html"
# Alias "/static" "/usr/share/request-tracker5/static"
<Location />
DirectoryIndex index.html
# Require all granted
# Options +ExecCGI
# AddHandler fcgid-script fcgi
</Location>
# Limit mail gateway access to localhost by default
<Location /REST/1.0/NoAuth>
<IfVersion >= 2.3>
Require local
</IfVersion>
<IfVersion < 2.3>
Order Allow,Deny
Allow from 127.0.0.1
</IfVersion>
</Location>
</VirtualHost>/etc/exim4/conf.d/router/050_exim4-config_rt5support # 创建收件箱地址的router，内容如下：
rt5support_router:
driver = accept
local_parts = support
transport = rt5support_transport
rt5supportcomment_router:
driver = accept
local_parts = support-comment
transport = rt5supportcomment_transport/etc/exim4/conf.d/transport/50_exim4-config_rt5support_pipe # 创建收件箱的pipe，内容如下：
rt5support_transport:
driver = pipe
command = "/usr/bin/rt-mailgate --queue 售后 --action correspond --url https://rt.demo.anqun.org"
rt5supportcomment_transport:
driver = pipe
command = "/usr/bin/rt-mailgate --queue 售后 --action comment --url https://rt.demo.anqun.org"参考：
需求：通过csv文件，能批量导入邮箱地址和密码，如
chen10,nfhe7384,hmail2.demo.anqun.org
chen11,nfhe755t,hmail2.demo.anqun.org
chen12,nfhe755t,hmail3.demo.anqun.org尝试：通过hMailServer的COM API，用vbs脚本可从csv文件读取邮箱用户、密码和域名。
脚本内容：
'#####the script#####
'# The EntryType can be one of two options, User or Alias. If the EntryType is User, then:
'#
'# EntryType = User
'# Field1 = Uername
'# Field2 = Password
'# Field3 = DomainName
'# Field4 = FirstName
'# Field5 = LastName
'#
'# If the EntryType is Alias, then:
'# EntryType = Alias
'# Field1 = AliasName
'# Field2 = ForwardingEmail
'# Field3 = DomainName
'#
'# To add USERS, for example, your CSV file should have the structured information (type, strUsername, strPassword, strDomain, strPersonFirstName, strPersonLastName), like below:
'# User,tjones,mypassword,jones.com,Tommy,Jones
'#
'# To add ALIAS, for example, your CSV file should have the structured information (type, strAlias, strAliasUsername, strDomain), like below:
'# Alias,tommy,tjones@jones.com,jones.com
'#
'# This would create a user names tjones@jones.com in the jones.com domain and an alias tommy@jones.com which will forward all e-mail to tjones@jones.com in the jones.com domain.
'####################
Option Explicit
Dim Elog
Dim obBaseApp
Dim objFSO
Dim objTextFile
Dim strNewAlias,i
Dim failed
Dim added
Dim domainsAdded
failed = 0
added = 0
domainsAdded = 0
'#####################################################################
'# Custom Variables regarding HMAIL admin password and file to be read
'#####################################################################
Dim hAdminpwd
Dim CSVFile
hAdminpwd = "hmailmima"
CSVFile = "bulk.csv"
Set Elog = CreateObject("hMailServer.EventLog")
Set obBaseApp = CreateObject("hMailServer.Application")
Call obBaseApp.Authenticate("Administrator",hAdminpwd) '*** N.B. 1. set your administrator password in this line
Const ForReading = 1
Set objFSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set objTextFile = objFSO.OpenTextFile(CSVFile, ForReading) 'N.B. 2. Set your CSV path/filename in this line
On Error resume next
Do While objTextFile.AtEndOfStream <> True
strNewAlias = split(objTextFile.Readline, ",")
'Select Case lcase(trim(strNewAlias(0)))
'Case "user"
' AddUser trim(strNewAlias(1)), trim(strNewAlias(2)), trim(strNewAlias(3)),trim(strNewAlias(4)),trim(strNewAlias(5))
'Case "alias"
'AddAlias trim(strNewAlias(1)), trim(strNewAlias(2)), trim(strNewAlias(3))
'End Select
AddUser trim(strNewAlias(0)), trim(strNewAlias(1)), trim(strNewAlias(2))
If err.Number <> 0 Then 'error handling:
Elog.Write("Failed add (probably duplicate)" & Chr(34) & vbTab & Chr(34) & strNewAlias(0) _
& "," & strNewAlias(1) & "," & strNewAlias(2) & "," & strNewAlias(3))
failed = failed + 1
err.Clear
Else
added = added + 1
End If
Loop
On Error goto 0
Elog.Write("Domains Added Sucessfully = " & domainsAdded)
Elog.Write("Accounts Added Sucessfully = " & added)
Elog.Write("Failed or Duplicate Accounts = " & failed)
Wscript.Echo ("Domains Added Sucessfully = " & domainsAdded & VbNewLine _
& "Accounts Added Sucessfully = " & added & VbNewLine _
& "Failed or Duplicate Accounts = " & failed & VbNewLine & VbNewLine _
& "See hmailserver_events.log for list of duplicates (if any)")
'###################
'# Usefull functions
'###################
Sub AddAlias(strAlias,strEmailAddress,strDomain)
AddDomain strDomain
Dim obDomain
Dim obAliases
Dim obNewAlias
Set obDomain = obBaseApp.Domains.ItemByName(strDomain)
Set obAliases = obDomain.Aliases
Set obNewAlias = obAliases.Add()
obNewAlias.Name = strAlias & "@" & strDomain 'username
obNewAlias.Value = strEmailAddress 'password
obNewAlias.Active = 1 'activates user
obNewAlias.Save() 'saves account
Set obNewAlias = Nothing
Set obAliases = Nothing
Set obDomain = Nothing
End Sub
'Sub AddUser(strUsername, strPassword, strDomain, strPersonFirstName, strPersonLastName)
Sub AddUser(strUsername, strPassword, strDomain)
AddDomain strDomain
Dim obDomain
Dim obAccounts
Dim obNewAccount
Set obDomain = obBaseApp.Domains.ItemByName(strDomain)
Set obAccounts = obDomain.Accounts
Set obNewAccount = obAccounts.Add()
obNewAccount.Address = strUsername & "@" & strDomain 'username
obNewAccount.Password = strPassword 'password
'obNewAccount.PersonFirstName = strPersonFirstName
'obNewAccount.PersonLastName = strPersonLastName
obNewAccount.Active = 1 'activates user
obNewAccount.Maxsize = 0 'sets mailbox size, 0=unlimited
obNewAccount.Save() 'saves account
Set obNewAccount = Nothing
Set obDomain = Nothing
Set obAccounts = Nothing
End Sub
Sub AddDomain(strDomain)
Dim obNewDomain
Set obNewDomain = obBaseApp.Domains.Add()
obNewDomain.Name = strDomain
obNewDomain.Active = True
On Error resume next
obNewDomain.Save()
If err.Number = 0 Then
domainsAdded = domainsAdded + 1
End If
err.Clear
obBaseApp.Domains.Refresh()
End Sub参考：