在Debian 7系统安装 nginx 和 flask

云友“一滴水2015”想知道 flask 在阿里云的运行示例 ，所以搜索资料，实践如下。

环境：debian 7 64位。在本例，假设flask文件存储在用户aliyun用户目录中。

过程：

1.编辑 /etc/apt/sources.list 内容，以适合当前系统版本：

deb http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/debian/ wheezy main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/debian/ wheezy-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/debian/ wheezy-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/debian/ wheezy main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/debian/ wheezy-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/debian/ wheezy-backports main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/debian-security/ wheezy/updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/debian-security/ wheezy/updates main non-free contrib

2.更新软件源：
apt-get update

3.安装相关的软件：
apt-get install python-pip python-dev nginx

4.安装 virtualenv
pip install virtualenv

5.切换到 aliyun 用户，创建目录 myapps

su aliyun
mkdir ~/myapps
cd ~/myapps

6.创建虚拟环境：
virtualenv myappsenv

7.激活当前虚拟环境：
source myappsenv/bin/activate

8.安装 uwsgi 和 flask
pip install uwsgi flask

9.创建一个新的测试文件 hello.py ，内容如下：

from flask import Flask
application = Flask(__name__)
@application.route("/")
def hello():
    return "<h1 style='color:blue'>Hello Aliyun!</h1>"
if __name__ == "__main__":
    application.run(host='0.0.0.0')

10.测试，是否能运行成功：
python hello.py

11.创建 wsgi.py 文件，内容如下：

from hello import application
if __name__ == "__main__":
    application.run()

12.运行 uwsgi，看看是否成功：
uwsgi --socket 0.0.0.0:8000 --protocol=http -w wsgi

13.退出python虚拟环境：
deactivate

14.创建uwsgi配置文件 myapp.ini，内容如下：

[uwsgi]
module = wsgi
master = true
processes = 2
uid = aliyun
gid = www-data
socket = myapp.sock
chmod-socket = 660
vacuum = true
die-on-term = true

15.返回到root账户，创建uwsgi启动脚本 /etc/init.d/myapp 内容如下：

#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: myapp
# Should-Start: console-screen dbus network-manager
# Required-Start: $remote_fs $network $local_fs
# Required-Stop: $remote_fs
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: start myprogram at boot time
### END INIT INFO
#
PROGRAMNAME="uwsgi"
case "$1" in
start)
     /bin/su - aliyun -c "source /home/aliyun/myapps/myappsenv/bin/activate; cd /home/aliyun/myapps; uwsgi --ini myapp.ini" &
     ;;
stop)
     skill $PROGRAMNAME
     ;;
esac
exit 0

16.为此脚本设置为执行权限，且开机自启动：
chmod +x /etc/init.d/myapp
insserv myapp

17.创建nginx站点配置文件 /etc/nginx/sites-available/myapp ，内容如下：

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name yun.anqun.org;
    location / {
        include uwsgi_params;
        uwsgi_pass unix:/home/aliyun/myapps/myapp.sock;
    }
}

18.启用站点，且将www-data用户加到aliyun组中：
ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/myapp /etc/nginx/sites-enabled
usermod -a -G aliyun www-data

19.重启系统，测试是否能访问：
reboot

参数：

• How To Serve Flask Applications with uWSGI and Nginx on Ubuntu 14.04, https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-serve-flask-applications-with-uwsgi-and-nginx-on-ubuntu-14-04
• How to start a program or script at boot time, http://cosmolinux.no-ip.org/raconetlinux2/boot.html